مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جیرفت
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1396)

Human error is regarded as the most important cause of incidents in healthcare environments. Nursing error is an important indicator of reducing the quality of healthcare. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the causes of common nursing errors in different wards of Pasteur Hospital in Bam.
In this descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study, 170 nurses from different wards of the hospital entered the study through a census method in 2016. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of two sections. To determine the validity of the tool, the content and face validity methods were used. The reliability was also determined using correlation coefficient as well as Cronbach’s alpha. Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS 21 Software and descriptive statistics.
The majority of participants were female (89.4%), in the age group of 25-30 (36.5%), with a bachelor's degree (91.8%) and work experience of less than 10 years (61.2%) and were married (82.4%). The most frequent causes of nursing errors were rooted in the management dimension; the low ratio of nurses to the patients (65.2%) and the high workload of nurses (78.2%).
Identifying the factors contributing to error is a first step to prevent errors. On the other hand, the increase in nursing errors not only increases costs, but also leads to the loss of trust of the patients and their families in the health system. Therefore, nursing managers should pay special attention to the factors causing error identified in this study and take measurements to reduce these factors.

Cimetidine (Tagamet) is an extensively prescribed for ulcers and is a known testicular toxicant. Recently L-carnitine therapy can be effective in the treatment of men infertility and improvement in the sperm parameter. The purpose of this study is to investigate the gonadotoxic of Cimetidine and L-carnitine protective effects on male mice.
20 White mice of NMRI race were randomly divided into four Groups (each group included 5 animals) Control group received Normal Saline, experimental group 1, received 100 mg/kg Cimetidine, experimental group 2, received 100 mg/kg L- Carnitine, experimental group 3, received 100 mg/kg L- Carnitine and 100 mg/kg Cimetidine Simultaneously. All animals animal were treated by intra peritoneal injection Peritoneum for 15 days. After treatment, the animals were weighed. All the testes were removed and weighted.The Removed testis and the Organ weighed. The left testes were fixed in formalin 10% Solution for Histological examination. Finally, prepared sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin Then results were Analyzed using SPSS-21 software and T- Test.
In the study testis weight, spermatogenic cells count and diameter of epithelium in the Cimetidine group Compared to the control group and showed a significant decrease (P ≤0.05). In concurrent use L-carnitine whit cimetidine, testicular weight, spermatozoa and spermatid showed a significant increase in cimetidine group (P≤0.05). The Simultaneous use of L-carnitine with Cimetidine, Testis Weight, Cells count of Spermatid and spermatozoa, Compared to the Ciprofloxacin group showed a significant increase (P ≤0.05).
It is concluded that intra peritoneal administration of L-carnitine can cause an improvement in spermatogenesis in Cimetidine treated adult mice.

Using the antibiotics is common in feedlots for domestic animals and livestock in order to control and cure their infectious diseases and for their growth. From the viewpoint of international standards, the presence of antibiotics in milk and other dairy products is not acceptable because they may cause allergic reactions and digestion problems in the consumers. All antibiotics can remain in the milk of an animal for a while after it takes them. Therefore, drinking the milk may cause the antibiotics to be transferred to the body of the consumers. The present study aims to analyze the antibiotic residues in the raw milk collected from different cows in Borujerd city.
In order to do a descriptive study, 150 raw milk samples were collected from the cows in several traditional and modern feedlots in rural areas of Borujerd city in November and December 2015. Then the samples were tested for antibiotic residues using the COPAN test.
30 samples (20%) of all the 150 tested samples were positive in terms of antibiotic residues after being tested with the above-mentioned method.
It seems as if with the increase in using antibiotics in feedlots, more elaborate studies are needed to specify the type and amount of the remaining of antibiotics in raw milk and dairy products in the country.

Exercise training increases metabolic responses such as lipolysis and blood flow in adipocyte. Since regular exercise usually causes changes in adipose tissue, the purpose of this study was to investigate effect of Pilates exercise training on serum leveles of adiponectin and leptin in inactive women with overweight.
In this quasi-experimental study 25 women with overweight ­­participated voluntarily. They randomly divided into two groups: training group (n=12) and control group (n=13). Pilates exercise training was performed during 12 weeks (3 sessions per week, 60 min per session). During the course control group had no exercise training. Blood samples were collected in a fasting status and in two stages, 48 hours before and after exercise. Within-group changes and between-group changes were analyzed with the paired t test and the ANCOVA test, respectively.
The results of the current study showed that although weight loss was significant in the training group (P= 0.005),­ but in within group comparison, only leptin was significantly decreased in response to exercise training (P= 0.032). In between group comparison, there was no significant change in serum levels of adiponectin and leptin concentrations.
Based on the result, despite a significant reduction (P= 0.005) in weight in the training group, serum levels of adiponectin and leptin did not change significantly respectively with P value (P= 0.475) and (P= 0.072) compared to the control group. It seems this kind of exercise does not work for significantly reducing leptin levels and increasing in adiponectin.

Cellular and vascular adhesion molecules are inflammatory factors that play a significant role in cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combined training and complementary strawberry on the levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 adhesion indices in overweight students.
Material and The subjects of the study consisted of 32 male students aged 16 to 18 years old. They were randomly divided into four groups of 8 subjects, including control groups, complementary strawberries, combined training, and combined exercise training and Supplemented of strawberries. Subjects received 2 glasses of beverages containing 50 grams dried strawberry powder for 8 weeks freeze-drying. Combined exercise included 8 weeks (4 sessions per week and 70 minutes each session), an extended rotation periodic endurance training with basketball exercises. To evaluate the biochemical variables, blood sampling was performed after 12-14 hours of fasting and in two stages before and after 8 weeks (48 hours after the last training session). Serum levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were measured and analyzed using commercial ELISA kits. Data were analyzed by t-test, one way ANOVA and Bonferron's post hoc test at a significance level of P The results showed that exercise training with strawberry supplementation reduced VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in overweight students, but there was no significant difference between the effect of exercise training and strawberry effect on VCAM-1 levels.
Regarding the findings of this study, it seems that combining exercises with strawberry supplement have a positive effect on these inflammatory factors.

Cardiovascular disease and stroke are the two major causes of about 25% mortality worldwide by the year 2030. The dependency of Hypercholesterolemia on these two factors has made it one of the most important contributors to early death associated with cardiovascular disease. Family Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a predominant autosomal disease detected by the level of LDL in the blood plasma. Clinical diagnosis of this disease is based on clinical and family history, clinical findings, and high cholesterol concentration. More commonly, the single-gene causes of FH are the mutations in one of the three LDLR, APOB, and PSCK9 genes. About 90% of them are in the LDLR gene, and more than 1700 mutations have been identified in this gene.
In this study, the scientific and electronic databases including, NCBI, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were used. Authentic articles related to the topic also were used.
This article reviews new findings on the most common genetic disease in the world, namely familial hypercholesterolemia, genetic causes of the disease, treatment, and clinical and molecular diagnosis of the disease.
Despite the high prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia in the world, fortunately, the disease is detectable and can be treated. Early diagnosis of the disease can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and early death. Since clinical criteria may not identify all patients, it is better to use molecular diagnosis and genetic testing in screening strategies.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of mood improvement training based on acceptance and commitment on reducing depression and improving mother's parenting styles in Zarinshahr.
The quasi-experimental method of this research was based on pretest, posttest and follow-up with control group and experimental group. The population of this research consisted of all mothers of pre-school children in Zarinshahr in 2015. The intended sample included 40 people of the population opted through sampling method, selected via convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into experimental (20) and control (20) groups. The participants responded to the instruments of this research including Baumrind parenting styles (1973) and the Beck depression (1961) questionnaires before and after the intervention. While control group was being expectedly passed through, the experimental one was taught in the course of 8 sessions upon acceptance and commitment (Hiss, 2005).
The obtained data were analyzed through descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (ANOVA with repeated measures) analyses. The end-results indicated the fact that mood improvement training based on acceptance and commitment towards diminishing mothers’ depression and improving mother's parenting styles in Zarinshahr was significantly effective (p Therefore, it could be concluded that mood improvement training based on acceptance and commitment would have critical effects on decreasing mothers’ depression and improving mothers’ parenting styles.

Maternal mortality rate, resulted from complications of pregnancy and childbirth, is one of the most important indicators that indicates the development status of countries. This paper has attempted to find ways to prevent similar deaths and improve the status by determining the costs of maternal death and the impact of these costs on the health of family and community.
The study is a review article conducted by searching through Iranian and international databases such as Elsevier, Springer, PubMed, IranMedex, google scholar and SID as well as WHO and UNFPA sites from 1973 to 2016. Approximately, 78 titles were identified in the initial search. After studying the summary of the articles, 20 articles that were consistent with the main objective of this study were selected.
The most important consequences of mother’s death for children, families and society include increase in child mortality, child labor, malnutrition and disease in children as well as the dissolution of families, the growth of single-parent families and increase in mental illness in other members of the family and society.
The results showed that women and especially mothers play a very important role in family and parenting and that the death of mothers can result in reducing capital and household production, dissolving families and creating economic, social and psychological problems.
Identifying the factors affecting this important indicator helps take effective measures to promote maternal health and, consequently, reduce the costs imposed on the family and society by mother’s death.